Phrase-structure grammar

translation-unit: external-declaration; translation-unit external-declaration
external-declaration: function-definition; declaration
function-definition: declaration-specifiers declarator compound-statement; declaration-specifiers declarator declaration-list compound-statement
The pre-standard way
declaration-list: declaration; declaration-list declaration
declaration: declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list_opt; static_assert-declaration
since C11
declaration-specifiers: storage-class-specifier declaration-specifiers_opt; type-specifier declaration-specifiers_opt; type-qualifier declaration-specifiers_opt; function-specifier declaration-specifiers_opt; alignment-specifier declaration-specifiers_opt
init-declarator-list: init-declarator; init-declarator-list , init-declarator
init-declarator: declarator; declarator = initializer
storage-class-specifier: typedef; extern; static; _Thread_local; auto; register
type-specifier: void; char; short; int; long; float; double; signed; unsigned; _Bool
since C99; _Complex
since C99; _Imaginary
since C99; atomic-type-specifier
since C11; struct-or-union-specifier; enum-specifier; typedef-name
struct-or-union-specifier: struct-or-union identifier_opt { struct-declaration-list }; struct-or-union identifier
struct-or-union: struct; union
struct-declaration-list: struct-declaration; struct-declaration-list struct-declaration
struct-declaration: specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list_opt ;; static_assert-declaration
since C11
specifier-qualifier-list: type-specifier specifier-qualifier-list_opt; type-qualifier specifier-qualifier-list_opt
struct-declarator-list: struct-declarator; struct-declarator-list struct-declarator
struct-declarator: declarator; declarator_opt : constant-expression
enum-specifier: enum identifier_opt { enumerator-list }; enum identifier_opt { enumerator-list , }
since C99; enum identifier
enumerator-list: enumerator; enumerator-list , enumerator
enumerator: enumeration-constant; enumeration-constant = constant-expression
atomic-type-specifier: _Atomic ( type-name )
type-qualifier: const; restrict; volatile; _Atomic
function-specifier: inline; _Noreturn
alignment-specifier: _Alignas ( type-name ); _Alignas ( constant-expression )
declarator: pointer_opt direct-declarator
direct-declarator: identifier; ( declarator ); direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression_opt ]
Arrays; direct-declarator [ static type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression ]
Arrays; direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
Arrays; direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list_opt * ]
Arrays; direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list ); direct-declarator ( identifier-list_opt )
The pre-standard way
pointer: * type-qualifier-list_opt; * type-qualifier-list_opt pointer
type-qualifier-list: type-qualifier; type-qualifier-list type-qualifier
parameter-type-list: parameter-list; parameter-list , ...
parameter-list: parameter-declaration; parameter-list , parameter-declaration
parameter-declaration: declaration-specifiers declarator; declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator_opt
identifier-list: identifier; identifier-list , identifier
type-name: specifier-qualifier-list abstract-declarator_opt
abstract-declarator: pointer; pointer_opt direct-abstract-declarator
direct-abstract-declarator: ( abstract-declarator ); direct-abstract-declarator_opt [ type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression_opt ]
Arrays; direct-abstract-declarator_opt [ static type-qualifier-list_opt assignment-expression ]
Arrays; direct-abstract-declarator_opt [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
Arrays; direct-abstract-declarator_opt [ * ]
Arrays; direct-abstract-declarator_opt ( parameter-type-list_opt )
typedef-name: identifier
initializer: assignment-expression; { initializer-list }; { initializer-list , }
since C99
initializer-list: designation_opt initializer; initializer-list , designation_opt initializer
designation: designator-list =
designator: [ constant-expression ]
Arrays; . identifier
static_assert-declaration: _Static_assert ( constant-expression , string-literal ) ;
statement: goto-labelled-statement; switch-labelled-statement; compound-statement; null-statement; expression-statement; selection-statement; iteration-statement; jump-statement
switch-labelled-statement: case constant-expression : statement; default : statement
goto-labelled-statement: identifier : statement
compound-statement: { block-item-list }
since C99; { declarations_opt statements_opt }
until C99
block-item-list: block-item; block-item-list block-item
block-item: declaration; statement
expression-statement: expression ;
selection-statement: if ( expression ) statement; if ( expression ) statement else statement; switch ( expression ) statement
iteration-statement: while ( expression ) statement; do statement while ( expression ) ;; for ( expression_opt ; expression_opt ; expression_opt ) statement; for ( declaration expression_opt ; expression_opt ) statement
since C99
jump-statement: goto identifier ;; continue ;; break ;; return expression_opt ;
expression: assignment-expression; expression , assignment-expression
assignment-expression: conditional-expression; unary-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression
assignment-operator: =; *=; /=; %=; +=; -=; <<=; >>=; &=; ^=; |=
conditional-expression: logical-OR-expression; logical-OR-expression ? expression : conditional-expression
logical-OR-expression: logical-AND-expression; logical-OR-expression || logical-AND-expression
logical-AND-expression: inclusive-OR-expression; logical-AND-expression && inclusive-OR-expression
inclusive-OR-expression: exclusive-OR-expression; inclusive-OR-expression | exclusive-OR-expression
exclusive-OR-expression: AND-expression; exclusive-OR-expression ^ AND-expression
AND-expression: equality-expression; AND-expression & equality-expression
equality-expression: relational-expression; equality-expression == relational-expression; equality-expression != relational-expression
relational-expression: shift-expression; relational-expression < shift-expression; relational-expression > shift-expression; relational-expression <= shift-expression; relational-expression >= shift-expression
shift-expression: additive-expression; shift-expression << additive-expression; shift-expression >> additive-expression
additive-expression: multiplicative-expression; additive-expression + multiplicative-expression; additive-expression - multiplicative-expression
multiplicative-expression: cast-expression; multiplicative-expression * cast-expression; multiplicative-expression / cast-expression; multiplicative-expression % cast-expression
cast-expression: unary-expression; ( type-name ) cast-expression
unary-expression: postfix-expression; ++ unary-expression
Side-effects; -- unary-expression
Side-effects; unary-operator cast-expression; sizeof unary-expression; sizeof ( type-name ); _Alignof ( type-name )
unary-operator: &; *; +; -; ~; !
postfix-expression: primary-expression; postfix-expression [ expression ]
Arrays; postfix-expression ( argument-expression-list_opt )
Function calls; postfix-expression . identifier
Structures and Unions; postfix-expression -> identifier
Structures and Unions; postfix-expression ++
Side-effects; postfix-expression --
Side-effects; ( type-name ) { initializer-list }
since C99; Structures; ( type-name ) { initializer-list , }
since C99; Structures
primary-expression: identifier; constant; string-literal; ( expression ); generic-selection
since C11